A client's VoIP application is experiencing noticeable latency during calls. To minimize delay and jitter in the media stream, which transport-layer protocol should the network administrator prioritize in the network configuration?
VoIP audio and video streams typically ride on the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP), which in turn uses UDP. UDP is connectionless and does not wait for acknowledgments or retransmit lost packets, so it introduces less overhead, latency, and jitter than TCP. TCP's handshake, sequencing, and retransmission mechanisms improve reliability but add delay, making it unsuitable for real-time voice traffic in most cases. HTTP and ICMP are not used to carry VoIP media, and while TCP can be used, it normally degrades call quality compared with UDP.
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