BitLocker is designed for full-volume encryption, protecting the entire drive (and is often paired with a TPM for pre-boot integrity), whereas EFS provides file- and folder-level encryption on NTFS volumes. The other options mix up edition availability, file-system support, and hardware requirements.
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What is BitLocker and how does it work?
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What is EFS and how is it different from BitLocker?
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Are there similar encryption solutions for Linux and Mac?