A web application allows customers to sign in to view their profiles by submitting their credentials. As security concerns are paramount, what should be implemented to safeguard user-inputted data from being utilized to manipulate the underlying data storage system?
Routine software updates for all backend systems.
Deployment of prepared statements to rigorously manage data sent to the database.
Manual sanitization of each user input to ensure special characters are handled properly.
Enforcement of character limits on input fields.