The standard capable of reaching data transfer speeds up to 5 Gbps and offering improved power management is known as USB 3.0 or SuperSpeed USB. This allows devices to charge more rapidly than with previous iterations and maintains backward compatibility with older hardware interfaces. In contrast, earlier generations, such as the one commonly referred to as 'Full Speed,' is significantly slower at 12 Mbps, and 'High Speed' increases the rate to 480 Mbps but does not match the 5 Gbps rate. Though the latest version of Thunderbolt is faster than USB 3.0, it is distinct from the announced USB standards and therefore is not applicable to this question. Likewise, the original version, which preceded 'Full Speed,' offers much lower data rates and does not support enhanced power management.