A technician is troubleshooting an FDM 3-D printer that repeatedly shows warping: the center of each print adheres but the outer edges lift from the build plate. The bed is level, clean, drafts are minimal, and the part-cooling fan is set to a low speed for the first layers. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of this problem?
Model sliced with 100 % infill density
Nozzle replaced with a 0.2 mm diameter tip instead of 0.4 mm
Z-offset set too close, excessively squashing the first layer
Warping occurs when the material cools and contracts unevenly. If the heated bed does not maintain a consistent temperature across its surface, the cooler zones-typically near the edges-allow those portions of the first layer to contract sooner than the hotter center, causing corners or sides to lift. Ensuring the bed heats evenly (or replacing a faulty heater/thermistor) usually resolves the issue. The other choices can affect print quality, but they do not typically cause edge-only lifting when the first layer is otherwise well prepared.
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What is a heated bed in a 3D printer, and why is it important?
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CompTIA A+ 220-1101 (V14)
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