In an SDN architecture the control functions (routing, path selection, policy enforcement) are moved out of the individual switches and routers and placed in a logically centralized controller. The controller issues flow-table entries and other forwarding rules to the data-plane devices. Those devices, sometimes called forwarding elements, simply apply the rules and do not make independent forwarding decisions. This separation allows administrators to program and automate the network from one place. Choices that keep the control plane distributed, place the data plane in the controller, or centralize both planes on a single server contradict the SDN model and are therefore incorrect.
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Cisco CCNA 200-301
Automation and Programmability
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