Which protocol adds tags in Ethernet frames on trunk links to allow multiple virtual networks to be carried over a single physical connection?
VTP
IEEE 802.1Q
IEEE 802.1D
ISL
IEEE 802.1Q is the standard protocol that inserts tags into Ethernet frame headers, allowing switches to distinguish between different VLANs on a single trunk link. This enables multiple VLANs to share the same physical connection while keeping their traffic separate. ISL is a Cisco-proprietary protocol that also performs frame tagging but is outdated and less commonly used today. With ISL, an Ethernet frame is encapsulated with a header that transports VLAN IDs between switches. IEEE 802.1D refers to the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP), which is used for preventing network loops and doesn't deal with frame tagging for virtual networks. VTP (VLAN Trunking Protocol) is used to distribute VLAN configuration information across switches but does not tag frames itself.
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