When a switch receives a frame with a destination MAC address that is not in its MAC address table, it floods the frame out all ports except the incoming one. This allows the frame to reach the destination device, which will respond and enable the switch to learn its MAC address for future frames. Frames with errors are typically discarded, not forwarded. Port mirroring copies frames to a specific monitoring port, not all ports. High-priority management frames are sent to specific destinations and do not cause flooding.
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Cisco CCNA 200-301
Network Fundamentals
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