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Maternal-Newborn Nursing Flashcards
NCLEX RN Flashcards
| Front | Back |
| Define lochia and describe its progression | Vaginal discharge after birth; Lochia rubra: bright red (days 1-3); Lochia serosa: pinkish-brown (days 4-10); Lochia alba: yellowish-white (days 11-21) |
| Describe fundal height measurement and its significance | Distance from symphysis pubis to top of uterine fundus in centimeters; Should approximately equal gestational weeks between 20-36 weeks; Discrepancies may indicate IUGR, macrosomia, multiple gestation, or incorrect dates |
| Describe Leopold's maneuvers and their purpose | Four-step abdominal palpation technique to determine fetal presentation, position, and engagement; First: fundal grip; Second: umbilical grip; Third: pawlik grip; Fourth: pelvic grip |
| How is pregnancy-induced hypertension managed? | Bed rest, Frequent monitoring of BP, Proteinuria assessment, Antihypertensive medications, Magnesium sulfate for seizure prophylaxis, Possible early delivery |
| List the cardinal movements of labor | Engagement → Descent → Flexion → Internal rotation → Extension → External rotation → Expulsion |
| What are common causes of postpartum depression? | Hormonal changes, History of depression, Poor social support, Traumatic birth experience, Sleep deprivation, Unrealistic expectations |
| What are the 6 Ps of labor assessment? | Powers (contractions), Passage (pelvis), Passenger (fetus), Placenta, Psyche (maternal psychology), Position (maternal) |
| What are the components of a complete newborn assessment? | Vital signs, Apgar score, Physical examination, Reflexes, Weight/length/head circumference, Gestational age assessment |
| What are the indications for cesarean delivery? | Previous classical cesarean section, Placenta previa, Active genital herpes, Transverse fetal lie, Failed labor progress, Fetal distress, Certain maternal medical conditions |
| What are the normal vital sign parameters for a newborn? | Heart rate: 120-160 bpm; Respiratory rate: 30-60 breaths/min; Blood pressure: 65-95/30-60 mmHg; Temperature: 36.5-37.5°C (97.7-99.5°F) |
| What are the risk factors for gestational diabetes? | Advanced maternal age (>35), Obesity (BMI >30), Family history of diabetes, Previous GDM, Previous macrosomic infant, Certain ethnicities (Hispanic, African, Native American, South Asian) |
| What are the signs of effective breastfeeding? | Audible swallowing, Rhythmic sucking, Proper latch (lips flanged), Relaxed arms and hands, 8-12 feedings per day, 6-8 wet diapers daily |
| What are the stages of fetal development during the first trimester? | Weeks 1-4: Implantation and formation of embryonic disk; Weeks 5-8: Major organs begin to form; Weeks 9-12: Fetus begins to move and has detectable heartbeat. |
| What are the three stages of labor? | First stage: Dilation and effacement; Second stage: Birth of baby; Third stage: Delivery of placenta |
| What are the warning signs of preeclampsia? | Elevated blood pressure (≥140/90), Proteinuria, Edema, Headache, Visual disturbances, Epigastric pain, Decreased urinary output |
| What interventions should be implemented for postpartum hemorrhage? | Fundal massage, IV access, Fluid replacement, Oxytocin administration, Blood products as needed, Possible surgical intervention |
| What is APGAR scoring used for and when is it performed? | Used to evaluate newborn's physical condition; Performed at 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth; Assesses Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration on a scale of 0-2 each |
| What is the Bishop score used for? | To assess cervical readiness for labor induction; Evaluates dilation, effacement, station, consistency, and position |
| What is the normal range for fetal heart rate during labor? | 110-160 beats per minute |
| What is the normal weight gain recommendation during pregnancy for women with normal pre-pregnancy BMI? | 25-35 pounds (11.5-16 kg) |
| What is the significance of meconium-stained amniotic fluid? | May indicate fetal distress; Increases risk of meconium aspiration syndrome; Requires careful suctioning of infant's mouth and nose before first breath |
This deck encompasses antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum care, including fetal development, labor management, and newborn assessment.