| partprobe | Inform the kernel about partition table changes. |
| netstat | Network statistics utility. |
| touch | Change file timestamps. |
| traceroute | Trace the route to a network host. |
| lsscsi | List SCSI devices. |
| tee | Read from standard input and write to standard output and files. |
| parted | Partition manipulation program. |
| du | Disk usage - estimate file space usage. |
| tree | Display a tree representation of directory structure. |
| nc (netcat) | Networking utility for reading/writing from/to network connections. |
| mv | Move or rename files or directories. |
| nmcli | Network Manager command line tool. |
| source | Read and execute commands from a file. |
| pwd | Print working directory. |
| nsswitch | Service for configuring the handling of name service requests. |
| find | Search for files in a directory hierarchy. |
| bzip2 | File compression utility. |
| lsblk | List block devices. |
| wireshark / tshark | Network protocol analyzers. |
| tr | Translate or delete characters. |
| cURL / wget | Data transfer tools supporting various protocols. |
| mkdir | Create directories. |
| df | Display free disk space. |
| dig / nslookup / host | DNS lookup utilities. |
| ls | List directory contents. |
| mtr | Network diagnostic tool. |
| dd | Convert and copy a file. |
| lvcreate / lvchange / lvextend | LVM commands for managing logical volumes. |
| SCP | Secure Copy Protocol for securely transferring files. |
| route | Show/manipulate the IP routing table. |
| cd | Change directory. |
| cut | Remove sections from each line of files. |
| fdisk | Manipulate disk partition table. |
| tcpdump | Dump traffic on a network. |
| SSH | Secure Shell a protocol for secure remote login and other secure network services. |
| gzip | Tool for file compression. |
| cp | Copy files and directories. |
| stat | Display file or file system status. |
| ifconfig | Configure or display network interface parameters. |
| sed | Stream editor for filtering and transforming text. |
| pvcreate / vgcreate / vgextend | Commands for creating/extending physical volumes and volume groups in LVM. |
| xargs | Build and execute command lines from standard input. |
| awk | Pattern scanning and processing language. |
| rm | Remove files or directories. |
| xz | Compress or decompress files using high compression. |
| wc | Print newline word and byte counts for files. |
| echo | Display a line of text. |
| printf | Format and print data. |
| systemctl | System and service manager. |
| file | Determine file type. |
| ping | Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts. |
| zip | Package and compress (archive) files. |
| vi / vim | Text editors with vim being an improved version of vi. |
| cpio | Copy files to and from archives. |
| head / tail | Output the first/last part of files. |
| scp | Secure copy (remote file copy program). |
| rmdir | Remove directories. |
| grep / egrep | Print lines matching a pattern. |
| mdadm | Manage MD (multi-disk) devices for RAID. |
| nano | Easy to use command line text editor. |
| cat | Concatenate files and print on the standard output. |
| tar | Archive tool commonly used to group files into a single file. |
| mount | Mount a file system. |
| hostname | Show or set the system's host name. |
| rsync | Utility for efficient file transfer and synchronization. |
| WHOIS | Query and response protocol for querying databases storing registered users or assignees of an Internet resource. |
| blkid | Locate or print block device attributes. |