Answer Description

Microsoft Management Console (MMC) is where you can manage all aspects of a computer network, including monitoring tools and driver checks.

Wikipedia

Microsoft Management Console (MMC) is a component of Microsoft Windows that provides system administrators and advanced users an interface for configuring and monitoring the system. It was first introduced in 1998 with the Option Pack for Windows NT 4.0 and later came pre-bundled with Windows 2000 and its successors.

Answer Description

An operating system (OS) upgrade will replace the product with the newer version, leaving files and applications untouched.

Wikipedia

Upgrading is the process of replacing a product with a newer version of the same product. In computing and consumer electronics an upgrade is generally a replacement of hardware, software or firmware with a newer or better version, in order to bring the system up to date or to improve its characteristics.

Answer Description

The "performance" tab will show your network resources and a live update of your system usage.

Wikipedia

Task Manager, previously known as Windows Task Manager, is a task manager, system monitor, and startup manager included with Microsoft Windows systems. It provides information about computer performance and running software, including name of running processes, CPU and GPU load, commit charge, I/O details, logged-in users, and Windows services. Task Manager can also be used to set process priorities, processor affinity, start and stop services, and forcibly terminate processes. The program can be started in recent versions of Windows by pressing ⊞ Win+R and then typing in taskmgr.exe, by pressing Ctrl+Alt+Delete and clicking Start Task Manager, by pressing Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Esc, by using Windows Search in the Start Menu and typing taskmgr, by right-clicking on the Windows taskbar and selecting "Task Manager", by typing taskmgr in the File Explorer address bar, or by typing taskmgr in Command Prompt or Windows PowerShell. Task Manager was introduced in its current form with Windows NT 4.0. Prior versions of Windows NT, as well as Windows 3.x, include the Task List application, are capable of listing currently running processes and killing them, or creating new processes. Windows 9x has a program known as Close Program which lists the programs currently running and offers options to close programs as well shut down the computer.

Answer Description

System Restore is a tool that will cycle all files and applications back to the time specified, while task manager allows the administrator to monitor system usage and close applications.

Wikipedia

System Restore is a feature in Microsoft Windows that allows the user to revert their computer's state (including system files, installed applications, Windows Registry, and system settings) to that of a previous point in time, which can be used to recover from system malfunctions or other problems. First included in Windows Me, it has been included in all following desktop versions of Windows released since, excluding Windows Server. In Windows 10, System Restore is turned off by default and must be enabled by users in order to function. This does not affect personal files such as documents, music, pictures, and videos. In prior Windows versions it was based on a file filter that watched changes for a certain set of file extensions, and then copied files before they were overwritten. An updated version of System Restore introduced by Windows Vista uses the Shadow Copy service as a backend (allowing block-level changes in files located in any directory on the volume to be monitored and backed up regardless of their location) and allows System Restore to be used from the Windows Recovery Environment in case the Windows installation no longer boots at all.

Answer Description

BitLocker uses AES encryption with 128 or 256-bit keys, and encrypts entire volumes.

Wikipedia

BitLocker is a full volume encryption feature included with Microsoft Windows versions starting with Windows Vista. It is designed to protect data by providing encryption for entire volumes. By default, it uses the AES encryption algorithm in cipher block chaining (CBC) or XTS mode with a 128-bit or 256-bit key. CBC is not used over the whole disk; it is applied to each individual sector.

Answer Description

Windows Memory Diagnostic Tool helps identify and fix memory problems on your PC.

Wikipedia

Memory testers are specialized test equipment used to test and verify memory modules.

Answer Description

Defragmentation will rearrange the information stored on the disk to increase disk reading speeds.

Wikipedia

Microsoft Drive Optimizer (formerly Disk Defragmenter) is a utility in Microsoft Windows designed to increase data access speed by rearranging files stored on a disk to occupy contiguous storage locations, a technique called defragmentation Defragmenting a disk minimizes head travel, which reduces the time it takes to read files from and write files to the disk As a result of the decreased read and write times, Microsoft Drive Optimizer decreases system startup times for systems starting from magnetic storage devices such as a hard drive However, defragmentation is not helpful on storage devices such as solid state drives, USB drives or SD cards that use flash memory to increase speeds, as these drives do not use a head

Answer Description

Windows Vista uses the Windows Security Center. This is where you adjust your firewall settings, update settings, and internet explorer security settings.

Answer Description

CHKDSK will search for errors on the disk. With /F switch, the errors found will be fixed.

Answer Description

In Windows 7, 8 and 8.1 it is called Action Center. In Windows 10 it was renamed Security and Maintenance

Wikipedia

Security and Maintenance (formerly known as Action Center, and Security Center in earlier versions) is a component of the Windows NT family of operating systems that monitors the security and maintenance status of the computer. Its monitoring criteria includes optimal operation of antivirus software, personal firewall, as well as the working status of Backup and Restore, Network Access Protection (NAP), User Account Control (UAC), Windows Error Reporting (WER), and Windows Update. It notifies the user of any problem with the monitored criteria, such as when an antivirus program is not up-to-date or is offline.

Answer Description

Windows Disk Management (WDM) will flag the new disk as foreign. This helps to recognize when new disks are added to a system.

Answer Description

Previously known as Windows Marketplace, the app and software store for Microsoft is now known as Windows Store. Update (Dec. 2017): Microsoft has renamed the Windows Store to the Microsoft Store. This question has been updated accordingly.

Wikipedia

Microsoft Store (formerly known as Windows Store) is a digital distribution platform owned by Microsoft It started as an app store for Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012 as the primary means of distributing Universal Windows Platform apps With Windows 10, Microsoft merged its other distribution platforms (Windows Marketplace, Windows Phone Store, Xbox Music, Xbox Video, Xbox Store, and a web storefront also known as "Microsoft Store") into Microsoft Store, making it a unified distribution point for apps, console games, and digital videos Digital music was included until the end of 2017, and E-books were included until 2019In 2015, over 669,000 apps were available in the store

Answer Description

Shrink command will reduce the size of the volume by the amount the administrator specifies.

Answer Description

Hot swapping is typically thought of as Universal Serial Bus (USB) technology, because peripherals using USB can easily be plugged and unplugged without requiring a restart.

Wikipedia

Hot swapping is the replacement or addition of components to a computer system without stopping, shutting down, or rebooting the system; hot plugging describes the addition of components only. Components which have such functionality are said to be hot-swappable or hot-pluggable; likewise, components which do not are cold-swappable or cold-pluggable. Most desktop computer hardware, such as CPUs and memory, are only cold-pluggable. However, it is common for mid to high-end servers and mainframes to feature hot-swappable capability for hardware components, such as CPU, memory, PCIe, SATA and SAS drives. An example of hot swapping is the express ability to pull a Universal Serial Bus (USB) peripheral device, such as a thumb drive, external hard disk drive (HDD), mouse, keyboard, or printer out of a computer's USB slot or peripheral hub without ejecting it first. Most smartphones and tablets with tray-loading holders can interchange SIM cards without powering down the system. Dedicated digital cameras and camcorders usually have readily accessible memory card and battery compartments for quick changing with only minimal interruption of operation. Batteries can be cycled through by recharging reserve batteries externally while unused. Many cameras and camcorders feature an internal memory to allow capturing when no memory card is inserted.

Answer Description

Windows Vista Home Basic does not have Windows Aero. This is the base operating system with the fewest features.

Wikipedia

Compared with previous versions of Microsoft Windows, features new to Windows Vista are very numerous, covering most aspects of the operating system, including additional management features, new aspects of security and safety, new I/O technologies, new networking features, and new technical features. Windows Vista also removed some others.

Answer Description

The Security tab in Internet Options allows you to set trusted sites and restricted sites.

Wikipedia

Control Panel is a component of Microsoft Windows that provides the ability to view and change system settings. It consists of a set of applets that include adding or removing hardware and software, controlling user accounts, changing accessibility options, and accessing networking settings. Additional applets are provided by third parties, such as audio and video drivers, VPN tools, input devices, and networking tools.

Answer Description

The "copy" command will copy the indicated file, and make the replica file where you designate.

Wikipedia

A command-line interface (CLI) is a means of interacting with a device or computer program with successive lines of text. Typically a user or client sends characters to a process or device, and the process or device responds with lines of text as well. Such access was first provided by computer terminals starting in the mid-1960s. This provided an interactive environment not available with punched cards or other input methods. Operating system command-line interfaces are often implemented with command-line interpreters or command-line processors. Programs with command-line interfaces are generally easier to automate via scripting. Many software systems implement command-line interfaces for control and operation. This includes programming environments and utility programs. Today, many users rely upon graphical user interfaces and menu-driven interactions. However, some programming and maintenance tasks may not have a graphical user interface and use a command line. Alternatives to the command-line interface include text-based user interface menus (for example, IBM AIX SMIT), keyboard shortcuts, and various desktop metaphors centered on the pointer (usually controlled with a mouse). Examples of this include the Microsoft Windows, DOS Shell, and Mouse Systems PowerPanel. Command-line interfaces are often implemented in terminal devices that are also capable of screen-oriented text-based user interfaces that use cursor addressing to place symbols on a display screen.

Answer Description

GUID Partition Table allows for a maximum of 128 partitions with a minimum of 16,384 bytes in the array.

Wikipedia

The GUID Partition Table (GPT) is a standard for the layout of partition tables of a physical computer storage device, such as a hard disk drive or solid-state drive, using universally unique identifiers, which are also known as globally unique identifiers (GUIDs). Forming a part of the Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) standard (Unified EFI Forum-proposed replacement for the PC BIOS), it is nevertheless also used for some BIOS systems, because of the limitations of master boot record (MBR) partition tables, which use 32 bits for logical block addressing (LBA) of traditional 512-byte disk sectors. All modern personal computer operating systems support GPT. Some, including macOS and Microsoft Windows on the x86 architecture, support booting from GPT partitions only on systems with EFI firmware, but FreeBSD and most Linux distributions can boot from GPT partitions on systems with either the BIOS or the EFI firmware interface.

Answer Description

Windows System Configuration (Msconfig) general tab has the Diagnostic startup option, used for booting only the basic services.

Wikipedia

MSConfig (officially called System Configuration in Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 10, or Windows 11 and Microsoft System Configuration Utility in previous operating systems) is a system utility to troubleshoot the Microsoft Windows startup process. It can disable or re-enable software, device drivers and Windows services that run at startup, or change boot parameters. It is bundled with all versions of Microsoft Windows operating systems since Windows 98 except Windows 2000. Windows 95 and Windows 2000 users can download the utility as well, although it was not designed for them.

Answer Description

CDfs is the file system used to access the data on Compact Discs (CD). Typically the data are audio tracks.

Wikipedia

CDfs is a virtual file system for Unix-like operating systems; it provides access to data and audio tracks on Compact Discs. When the CDfs driver mounts a Compact Disc, it represents each track as a file. This is consistent with the Unix convention "everything is a file". CDfs supports the following track types: Red Book Compact Disc Digital Audio (CD-DA): Appears as a WAV file; reading from it initiates DAE ripping. White Book Video CD or Super Video CD video: Appears as a playable MPEG-1 file containing audio and video streams. Yellow Book CD-ROM data: Hierarchical File System: Appears as a mountable HFS file system disk image (sans partition table). ISO 9660: Each session appears as a mountable ISO image file. El Torito boot file: Appears as a single bootable disk image file.