ISC2 Systems Security Certified Practitioner (SSCP) Practice Question
During troubleshooting of latency between two EC2 instances that exchange traffic on port 443 inside the same VPC, you notice a sharp increase in duplicate ACKs and packet retransmissions. Under the four-layer TCP/IP model, which layer is responsible for detecting lost segments and initiating their retransmission, and which protocol normally provides that service?
Duplicate acknowledgements and retransmissions indicate that reliability mechanisms-such as sequencing, acknowledgements, and flow control-are in use. In the four-layer TCP/IP model these functions live in the Transport layer. The protocol that implements them is Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), which monitors segment delivery, detects loss, and triggers retransmission when necessary. IP, found in the Internet layer, handles logical addressing and routing but provides no reliability. Ethernet operates at the Network Access layer and manages frame delivery on the local link, while HTTP is an Application-layer protocol that relies on lower layers for transport services.
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What is TCP and how does it ensure reliability?
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ISC2 Systems Security Certified Practitioner (SSCP)
Network and Communication Security
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