A retail company wants to retain months of raw website clickstream logs, product images, and IoT sensor files exactly as they arrive so that data scientists can later explore the information for new machine-learning use cases. Which kind of data repository is most appropriate for this need?
A data lake is designed to store very large volumes of data in its original, raw format, whether the data is structured, semi-structured, or unstructured. Keeping the data unchanged allows future teams to define schemas on read and apply different analytics or machine-learning techniques as requirements evolve. In contrast, a relational operational database is optimized for transactional processing of structured records, and a data warehouse expects cleansed, schema-on-write data for fast SQL analytics. A messaging service such as Pub/Sub moves data between systems in real time but is not meant for long-term storage or ad-hoc exploration. Therefore, a data lake best fits the scenario.
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