A company plans to break a legacy application into microservices and run them in containers on Google Cloud instead of lifting and shifting its virtual machines. From a business perspective, which benefit of containers over virtual machines most directly supports this modernization approach?
Containers bundle application code and its dependencies into a single unit, ensuring the workload runs consistently across development, test, and production environments.
Containers require specialized hardware that supports nested virtualization, which boosts performance compared with general-purpose servers.
Containers give every application process its own dedicated operating-system kernel, providing deeper isolation than virtual machines.
Containers come with built-in autoscaling and load balancing, so they remove the need for any orchestration platform.
Containers package an application together with all of its libraries and dependencies, creating a lightweight, portable unit that behaves the same on a developer laptop, in test, and in production. This consistency reduces deployment failures and accelerates release cycles-valuable outcomes when refactoring a monolith into microservices. Containers do not provide each workload with its own operating-system kernel, they still need orchestration or managed services such as Google Kubernetes Engine or Cloud Run for scaling and load balancing, and they run on standard hardware without requiring nested virtualization. Therefore, the advantage that best supports the company's goal is the portability and environment consistency provided by container packaging.
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