Your team is re-platforming a global e-commerce system to Google Cloud. The application must process thousands of short, ACID-compliant order writes per second with sub-100 ms latency for users in North America, Europe, and Asia. Analysts also need to run complex, ad-hoc SQL queries against roughly 50 TB of historical order data without impacting the customer-facing workload. Which storage architecture best meets both the transactional and analytical requirements?
Deploy Cloud SQL with regional read replicas for transactions, export nightly backups to Cloud Storage, and load them into BigQuery for reporting.
Stream all order events directly into BigQuery and use it as both the transactional system of record and the analytics engine.
Use Cloud Bigtable as the primary data store and query it directly from BigQuery through federated external tables.
Store orders in Cloud Spanner and continuously replicate Spanner change streams into BigQuery via Datastream or Dataflow for analytics.
Cloud Spanner is a fully managed, globally distributed relational database that provides strong consistency, horizontal scalability, and low-tens-of-milliseconds read and write latency, making it well-suited for the high-volume OLTP workload. Spanner change streams can be captured and continuously replicated into BigQuery through Datastream (preview) or Dataflow templates, allowing real-time analytical queries in BigQuery without affecting transactional performance in Spanner. Cloud Bigtable lacks native SQL and ACID guarantees, BigQuery alone is not optimized for high-throughput transactional writes, and Cloud SQL cannot scale globally or isolate analytics without risking performance degradation, so those alternatives do not fully satisfy the scenario.
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Why is Cloud Spanner suitable for high-volume OLTP workloads?
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How do Spanner change streams enable real-time analytics in BigQuery?
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Why is BigQuery not optimized for high-throughput transactional writes?
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What is Cloud Spanner?
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How does Datastream integrate with Spanner and BigQuery?
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