GCP Professional Data Engineer Practice Question

Your company runs a 20-TB PostgreSQL 11 database on-prem. You must migrate it to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL with under 30 minutes of downtime. A Cloud VPN link to Google Cloud is already in place. You need a managed solution that keeps the target instance continuously synced so teams can test before the final cutover, without building custom replication tooling. Which Google Cloud service should you use?

BigQuery Data Transfer Service to load data into BigQuery and export it to Cloud SQL
Transfer Appliance to ship database backups to Cloud Storage and import them into Cloud SQL
Datastream to capture CDC from PostgreSQL into Cloud Storage and apply it to Cloud SQL via Dataflow
Database Migration Service with continuous replication to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL

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Answer Description

Database Migration Service (DMS) supports homogeneous migrations from on-premises PostgreSQL to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL. DMS sets up initial bulk load and then maintains continuous, low-latency replication until you execute the cut-over, allowing the target to stay nearly in-sync so validation queries can run with minimal impact on the source.

Transfer Appliance moves data offline and cannot maintain ongoing replication, so it cannot meet the low-downtime requirement.
BigQuery Data Transfer Service only loads data into BigQuery and offers no path to Cloud SQL or change replication.
Datastream captures CDC logs from sources such as Oracle or MySQL and writes to Cloud Storage, BigQuery, or Spanner; sending changes to Cloud SQL would require building additional pipelines, violating the "no custom tooling" constraint.

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