GCP Professional Data Engineer Practice Question

A retail security team ingests about 4 TB of CCTV video into Google Cloud each day. Investigators frequently review clips from the most recent 30 days, but after that only about 0.1 % of objects are ever read. Regulations require that every recording be kept exactly 365 days and then removed. Which storage strategy yields the lowest overall cost while still allowing occasional retrieval of older footage?

Store video in a Cloud Storage Standard bucket, use Object Lifecycle Management to transition each object to Archive storage 30 days after upload, and configure automatic deletion after 365 days.
Store all footage in a single Cloud Storage Standard bucket with object versioning enabled and delete objects after 365 days.
Ingest footage into Cloud Bigtable with a 365-day TTL and scale the cluster down after 30 days to reduce cost.
Keep the first 30 days of footage on Filestore Enterprise for fast access, then copy files to a Nearline bucket and delete them after 365 days.

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Answer Description

Cloud Storage is optimized for unstructured objects such as video files. Storing new footage in the Standard class avoids retrieval fees while investigators are actively reviewing it. Because access after the first month is extremely rare, a lifecycle rule that automatically changes the objects' storage class to Archive after 30 days minimizes ongoing cost; Archive offers the lowest price per GB among Google's online storage classes. A second lifecycle rule deletes the objects on day 366 to meet the retention policy. Bigtable and Filestore are operational stores that are far more expensive for large, mostly idle objects, and simply keeping everything in Standard storage ignores a major cost-saving opportunity.

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