A fintech startup runs a mission-critical PostgreSQL 11 database on-premises that processes roughly 3,000 OLTP transactions per second and stores 3 TB of data. Compliance rules demand fully ACID transactions, and the leadership wants a managed service with at least a 99.95 % availability SLA in one Google Cloud region. Analysts also need near-real-time read access from a second region, and they can tolerate a few seconds of replication lag. The workload is expected to remain below 5 TB and 10,000 TPS for the next three years. Which Google Cloud design best meets these requirements while minimizing operational overhead?
Create a Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL instance with high-availability (regional) configuration in the primary region and add an asynchronous cross-region read replica for the analysts.
Migrate to a multi-region Cloud Spanner instance to provide global strong consistency for both transactional and analytic workloads.
Load the data into BigQuery and use BI Engine to serve both transactional and analytic queries from a multi-regional dataset.
Deploy PostgreSQL in a GKE StatefulSet spread across zones and use logical replication to another regional GKE cluster for reads.
Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL delivers full ACID semantics just as the open-source engine does, and an HA configuration with automatic failover across two zones carries a 99.95 % monthly uptime SLA. Creating an asynchronous cross-region read replica adds geographically distant read capacity without affecting the primary instance's ACID guarantees or incurring the complexity and higher cost of a globally distributed database. BigQuery is optimized for analytic, not transactional, workloads; Cloud Spanner offers global ACID transactions but is unnecessary for this scale and would add cost and schema changes. Managing PostgreSQL on GKE shifts operations to the customer and lacks the built-in cross-zone failover SLA offered by Cloud SQL.
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GCP Professional Data Engineer
Designing data processing systems
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