GCP Professional Data Engineer Practice Question

A financial-services firm is redesigning its trading platform to meet strict regulatory demands. The data layer must store hundreds of terabytes of relational data, support SQL transactions that remain fully ACID compliant, and guarantee external strong consistency for reads and writes issued from any of the company's trading desks worldwide. Additionally, the platform must continue operating during a regional outage with an availability SLA of at least 99.999%. Which managed Google Cloud service best satisfies these requirements?

Cloud Spanner
Cloud SQL with cross-region read replicas
Cloud Bigtable
BigQuery

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Answer Description

Only Cloud Spanner is designed as a globally distributed relational database that offers synchronous replication across regions, external strong consistency, horizontal scalability, and a 99.999% availability SLA while preserving full ACID semantics for read-write transactions.

Cloud SQL can provide ACID guarantees but relies on primary/replica architectures that do not offer global synchronous writes or 99.999% multi-region availability. Cloud Bigtable offers high availability and scalability but is a wide-column NoSQL store that does not implement full ACID transactions across rows. BigQuery is an analytical data warehouse optimized for large-scale queries; it provides atomicity at the job or partition level rather than full ACID transactional guarantees needed for OLTP workloads.

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