GCP Professional Cloud Security Engineer Practice Question

Your organization operates two GKE clusters, gke-dev (zonal) and gke-prod (regional), in the same Google Cloud project. Security policy mandates that only container images signed by Cloud Build may run in production. In the dev cluster, engineers should be free to deploy any image, but any policy violations must still be recorded for later review without blocking the rollout. Which Binary Authorization configuration best meets these requirements while keeping operational overhead low?

Add an admissionWhitelistPattern that matches gke-dev so its deployments bypass Binary Authorization, and set the defaultAdmissionRule to require and enforce attestations for all other clusters.
Move gke-dev to its own Google Cloud project with Binary Authorization disabled, and keep enforcement enabled for gke-prod in the original project.
Disable Binary Authorization on the gke-dev cluster and configure a project-level policy for gke-prod that requires and enforces Cloud Build attestations.
Create one project-level Binary Authorization policy whose defaultAdmissionRule requires a Cloud Build attestation and enforces with BLOCK_AND_AUDIT; add a clusterAdmissionRule for gke-dev that keeps REQUIRE_ATTESTATION but sets enforcementMode to DRYRUN_AUDIT_LOG_ONLY.

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Answer Description

Binary Authorization lets you define a single project-level policy and override it selectively per cluster with clusterAdmissionRule entries. By setting the project's defaultAdmissionRule to evaluationMode REQUIRE_ATTESTATION and enforcementMode ENFORCED_BLOCK_AND_AUDIT_LOG, prod will block any unsigned image. Adding a clusterAdmissionRule that targets the gke-dev cluster, keeps evaluationMode set to REQUIRE_ATTESTATION but changes enforcementMode to DRYRUN_AUDIT_LOG_ONLY. This causes the dev cluster to accept all images yet still generate audit-log findings whenever an image is missing the Cloud Build attestation. Disabling Binary Authorization or whitelisting the dev cluster would prevent any findings from being generated, and moving the cluster to a separate project introduces unnecessary complexity compared with a single policy that uses per-cluster overrides.

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