GCP Professional Cloud Security Engineer Practice Question
Your company is building a Vertex AI custom-training workflow that processes sensitive financial data stored in Cloud Storage. Compliance mandates that (1) the training VMs must not have external IP addresses, (2) all traffic between the training service, Cloud Storage, and Vertex AI APIs must stay on Google's private network, and (3) any egress to Google-managed services outside an approved boundary must be blocked. The training image still needs to pull Python packages from an Artifact Registry repository in the same project. Which network design satisfies these requirements while keeping operational overhead low?
Enable Private Google Access on the default VPC and apply an organization policy that denies external IPs for Compute Engine; do not configure VPC Service Controls or Private Service Connect.
Create a VPC Service Controls perimeter that includes Vertex AI, Cloud Storage, and Artifact Registry; configure Private Service Connect endpoints for Vertex AI APIs; run training jobs in a private subnet that has Private Google Access enabled and no external IP addresses.
Configure Private Service Connect endpoints for Vertex AI and Cloud Storage but allow training VMs to keep their external IPs; rely on Cloud Armor policies to block traffic to unauthorized Google APIs.
Disable external IPs on the training VMs and use a Cloud NAT gateway; restrict egress with firewall rules so only Cloud Storage and Artifact Registry IP ranges are allowed.
Placing the project's Google-managed services in a VPC Service Controls perimeter prevents data exfiltration to other Google APIs. Adding Artifact Registry to the same perimeter still allows the training container to download its dependencies. Private Service Connect creates private endpoints for Vertex AI so control-plane calls never traverse the public internet. Running the job on a subnet that has no external IPs but is enabled for Private Google Access lets the training VMs reach Google APIs over Google's private backbone without requiring Cloud NAT or public IPs. The other choices either rely only on firewall rules, still expose public IPs, or do not stop calls to other Google services, so they do not fully meet the exfiltration and public-internet avoidance requirements.
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