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GCP Professional Cloud Security Engineer Practice Question

A media-streaming company ingests user activity logs that must be encrypted using envelope encryption before the data is written to BigQuery. During peak hours, the data-processing pipeline performs about 30,000 symmetric Encrypt or Decrypt operations per minute, distributed across several keys. The security policy requires that keys be protected in a module validated to at least FIPS 140-2 Level 1. There is no mandate for hardware-backed key storage. To keep latency and operational costs low while staying within default service quotas, which key-management approach should the team choose?

  • Implement client-side encryption with the Tink library and keep the master key material in an external HSM managed by the security team.

  • Create symmetric software-protected keys in Cloud KMS and invoke the Encrypt and Decrypt API from the data-processing pipeline.

  • Store the keys in an on-premises HSM and access them through Cloud External Key Manager (EKM) for every encryption and decryption request.

  • Provision symmetric keys in Cloud HSM so each operation executes in a FIPS 140-2 Level 3 hardware security module.

GCP Professional Cloud Security Engineer
Ensuring data protection
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