GCP Professional Cloud Architect Practice Question
Your team operates a regional GKE cluster that serves a real-time bidding API. Each request causes short CPU spikes, and traffic varies widely: during peaks pods hit 90 % CPU and new replicas stay Pending because the nodes are full; at night overall load falls to 5 %. You must absorb traffic bursts automatically yet keep VM spending low during quiet periods with no manual actions. Which configuration best meets these goals?
Create a Horizontal Pod Autoscaler targeting 70 % CPU but keep the node pool at a fixed size.
Enable Cluster Autoscaler on the node pool with min 0 and max 20 nodes but remove any Horizontal Pod Autoscaler.
Use a Horizontal Pod Autoscaler targeting 70 % CPU and also enable Cluster Autoscaler on the node pool with a low minimum and a high maximum node count.
Migrate the Deployment to Cloud Run and set concurrency to allow scaling from zero to many instances.
Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA) adds or removes pod replicas in response to metrics such as CPU load, letting the service grow when demand rises and shrink when it falls. However, replicas can only start if the cluster has spare capacity. Cluster Autoscaler (CA) watches for Pending pods and, when none of the current nodes can fit them, increases the node pool size; it also scales nodes back down when they sit unused. Using HPA without CA could still leave replicas Pending, while CA alone would not increase pod count when CPU rises. Combining HPA with CA lets pods and nodes grow together during peaks and both contract during off-hours, minimizing cost. Moving the workload to Cloud Run or relying on Vertical Pod Autoscaler would not satisfy the requirement to stay on the existing GKE deployment or would not address pod-level scaling needs.
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What is Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA) in GKE?
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What does Cluster Autoscaler (CA) do in GKE?
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Why combine HPA and Cluster Autoscaler (CA) in GKE?
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What is Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA) in GKE?
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What does Cluster Autoscaler (CA) do in Kubernetes?
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Why combine Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA) with Cluster Autoscaler (CA) in GKE?
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GCP Professional Cloud Architect
Designing and planning a cloud solution architecture
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