GCP Professional Cloud Architect Practice Question

Your retail analytics team stores 50 TB of compressed web-server logs in a multi-region Cloud Storage bucket. Engineers query each object several times during the first 7 days, only a few times over the next 3 months, and never after that. Compliance requires that every object be removed exactly 365 days after it is created. You must minimize storage cost while honoring the access pattern and retention policy, using Object Lifecycle Management. Which lifecycle rule set should you configure?

Add three rules: set storage class to Nearline when Age ≥ 30 days, set storage class to Coldline when Age ≥ 90 days, and delete objects when Age ≥ 365 days.
Add rules to set storage class to Nearline at Age ≥ 7 days, Coldline at Age ≥ 30 days, Archive at Age ≥ 90 days, retaining objects indefinitely.
Add two rules: set storage class to Coldline when Age ≥ 30 days and delete objects when Age ≥ 365 days.
Keep objects in Standard storage for the entire year and add a single rule to delete each object when Age ≥ 365 days.

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Answer Description

Moving objects to Nearline after they are 30 days old aligns with the class's 30-day minimum-storage requirement and its lower cost for data that is accessed less than once a month. Switching the same objects to Coldline at 90 days further reduces cost and satisfies Coldline's 90-day minimum-storage requirement before deletion. A Delete action at 365 days enforces the mandatory retention limit. Leaving objects in Standard until deletion (or moving them directly to Coldline after 30 days) keeps them in a more expensive class for most of their life. Transitioning to Archive at 90 days violates Archive's 365-day minimum-storage duration, forcing payment for the full year even after deletion. Therefore, the three-step Nearline → Coldline → Delete sequence is the most cost-efficient and compliant choice.

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