GCP Professional Cloud Architect Practice Question
Your organization's customer-facing service runs as a containerized Java deployment on a busy GKE cluster. Memory consumption occasionally grows until Pods are OOM-killed, but the problem never manifests in staging. Leadership asks you to collect production-grade performance data to locate the memory hot spots while keeping user-visible impact to a minimum. Which action best satisfies these requirements?
Replicate production load in a separate test cluster and run an on-host Java profiler that records full heap dumps for post-mortem analysis.
Add the Cloud Profiler Java agent to the Pods and let it run continuously; its statistical sampling incurs well under 5% runtime overhead, so production traffic remains largely unaffected while detailed allocation flame graphs are collected.
Instrument the service with Cloud Trace and export traces to BigQuery; query the trace data to identify methods responsible for increased memory use.
Enable remote debugging on the production Pods and attach an IDE debugger during peak traffic to capture live heap information when memory spikes occur.
Cloud Profiler attaches a language-specific agent to the running application that samples the stack a few hundred times per second and aggregates the data in the managed Profiler backend, producing flame graphs for CPU, heap, and allocation profiles. Because the agent performs statistical sampling rather than full tracing or heap dumping, the runtime overhead is typically under 1% of CPU and adds only a few MB of memory, making it safe for always-on use in production. Remote debugging pauses threads and can severely affect latency. Running synthetic load tests in another environment does not expose the production-only memory leak, and Cloud Trace focuses on request latency rather than object allocation patterns.
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