GCP Professional Cloud Architect Practice Question
Your e-commerce platform runs in a single-region Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) cluster backed by a Cloud SQL database. Business leadership mandates that, if the primary region becomes unavailable, customer transactions must resume within 15 minutes and no more than a few minutes of data can be lost. Budget owners will not approve the ongoing expense of a fully active/active deployment. Which disaster-recovery pattern should you recommend for the secondary region?
Multi-zone high availability: add additional GKE nodes and Cloud SQL replicas in separate zones of the same region.
Cold standby: store backups in Cloud Storage and recreate the GKE cluster and Cloud SQL instance only after a disaster occurs.
Hot active-active: run fully sized GKE and Cloud SQL instances in two regions behind global load balancing with live traffic distribution.
Warm standby: continuously replicate Cloud SQL to another region and keep a scaled-down GKE cluster ready to scale up during failover.
A warm standby pattern keeps a scaled-down copy of the application stack running in a second region while continuously replicating data. This approach usually achieves an RPO measured in minutes and allows services to scale up and switch traffic quickly enough to meet a 15-minute RTO. Cold standby would require restoring backups, which typically takes hours-far beyond the required RTO. A hot active-active topology would meet the objectives but is rejected because of its high ongoing cost. Adding additional zones in the same region would not protect against a regional outage.
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