GCP Professional Cloud Architect Practice Question

Your company operates three Google Cloud projects: app-prod, analytics-prod, and shared-svcs. Each project contains an auto-mode VPC with non-overlapping RFC 1918 CIDR ranges. Compute instances in app-prod and analytics-prod must privately consume internal APIs that run in shared-svcs over Google's private backbone. For regulatory compliance, the two business units must remain strictly isolated-traffic from app-prod must never reach analytics-prod and vice-versa. The network team also wants a low-latency solution that avoids additional network appliances and ongoing operational effort. Which connectivity design best meets these requirements?

Create two independent VPC Network Peerings: one between shared-svcs and app-prod, and another between shared-svcs and analytics-prod.
Convert shared-svcs into a host Shared VPC and attach app-prod and analytics-prod as service projects.
Deploy HA Cloud VPN gateways in each project and build IPsec tunnels from app-prod and analytics-prod to shared-svcs, exchanging routes with Cloud Router.
Set up a Network Connectivity Center hub in shared-svcs and connect app-prod and analytics-prod as spokes using Dedicated Interconnect VLAN attachments.

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Answer Description

Creating two separate VPC Network Peering connections-one between shared-svcs and app-prod, and another between shared-svcs and analytics-prod-provides private, low-latency connectivity over Google's internal backbone without any gateways or appliances to manage. Because VPC Network Peering is non-transitive, routes learned over one peering are not propagated to another, so the two spoke VPCs (app-prod and analytics-prod) cannot communicate with each other, maintaining the strict isolation requirement. Peering involves no per-connection charge and uses standard intra-project egress pricing, so it generally costs less and has lower latency than HA VPN, and it is far simpler than deploying Network Connectivity Center with Dedicated Interconnect. Shared VPC would place all resources in a single VPC, making cross-project traffic inherently reachable unless carefully restricted with additional firewall rules, which adds operational complexity.

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