GCP Professional Cloud Architect Practice Question

Your company is expanding its Google Cloud deployment to several regions. Each product team will keep its own project, but leadership wants to enforce a single RFC 1918 address space that allows private IP communication between virtual machines in any region, with centralized control of all firewall rules and routes. You must also avoid approaching the current hard cap on the number of VPC Network Peering links per network. Which design best meets these requirements?

Create a separate VPC in each region inside a single project and interconnect them with Cloud VPN tunnels configured for dynamic routing.
Give every product team its own auto-mode VPC and connect the VPCs with VPC Network Peering so that all internal subnets are reachable.
Create one custom-mode VPC in a dedicated host project, add regional subnets for every needed region, and attach each product team's project as a service project using Shared VPC.
Provision one custom-mode VPC per team project and connect them to a central hub VPC through Dedicated Cloud Interconnect attachments.

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Answer Description

A single custom-mode Shared VPC hosted in a central project meets all stated goals. Because a VPC network is a global resource, subnets created in multiple regions share one private address space, and instances in those subnets can reach each other over Google's private backbone using internal IPs. Attaching the product teams' projects as service projects places their resources in the shared network while letting them keep separate billing and IAM boundaries. Central admins manage routes and firewall rules in the host project. This architecture uses no VPC peering links, so it cannot hit the peering-link quota.

The other options either create independent VPCs that must be interconnected with VPC Network Peering or Cloud VPN/Interconnect, adding operational overhead and consuming peering links or tunnel/quota, and they do not provide a single centrally managed network.

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