GCP Professional Cloud Architect Practice Question

Your analytics team ingests about 50 TB of web-click logs into Google Cloud every month. Logs are queried intensively by Dataproc jobs during the first 30 days and only rarely after that, but must be retained for compliance for seven years. The Dataproc cluster runs in the us-central1 region, and engineers need IAM-based, object-level access to individual log files. Which storage design best meets the performance, cost, and governance requirements with minimal operational overhead?

Create a regional Cloud Storage bucket in us-central1. Store new logs in the Standard storage class and use Object Lifecycle Management to move objects to Coldline after 30 days, keeping the bucket under Cloud IAM control.
Store logs in a Filestore instance mounted by Dataproc; after 30 days copy the files to Archive storage in a multi-region bucket via a custom script.
Write logs to a zonal SSD Persistent Disk attached to a proxy VM for 30 days, then export them to a Coldline bucket using a weekly cron job.
Ingest logs directly into Cloud Bigtable with one-week TTL, then export weekly snapshots to a multi-region Nearline bucket for long-term retention.

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Answer Description

A regional Cloud Storage bucket in us-central1 delivers low-latency, high-throughput access to Dataproc jobs running in the same region. Standard storage is the appropriate class for the first 30 days because the data is read frequently. An Object Lifecycle Management rule can then transition objects automatically to Coldline after 30 days-reducing cost while still offering reasonable retrieval performance for infrequent access-and optionally to Archive after the required seven-year retention period ends. Cloud Storage integrates with Cloud IAM policies that apply at the bucket or individual object levels, satisfying the fine-grained access requirement. Persistent Disk and Filestore would provide unnecessary performance at much higher cost and lack automatic class tiering. Bigtable is optimized for low-latency key/value access, not large object storage, and does not support object lifecycle rules.

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