GCP Professional Cloud Architect Practice Question
A retail company runs its order-processing service on GKE in us-central1 with a single-primary Cloud SQL for MySQL instance. Management mandates a business-continuity plan that guarantees an RTO of 15 minutes and an RPO of no more than 5 minutes if the entire us-central1 region becomes unavailable. The solution must minimize operational overhead and avoid a complete database platform change. Which design most cost-effectively satisfies these objectives?
Keep the current single-instance Cloud SQL deployment and schedule automated backups every 30 minutes to a multi-region Cloud Storage bucket; redeploy the same GKE cluster in us-east1 on demand after an outage.
Replace Cloud SQL with Cloud Spanner in multi-region nam-europe-west1-us-central1 configuration, and expand the existing GKE cluster to a regional (multi-zonal) deployment in us-central1 only.
Create a Cloud SQL high-availability (regional) primary in us-central1 with a cross-region read replica in us-east1. Deploy a second GKE cluster in us-east1 and place all services behind a global external HTTP(S) load balancer. Automate promotion of the replica and DNS or load-balancer traffic shift during a regional outage.
Enable Cloud SQL high availability in us-central1 and rely on Compute Engine persistent disk snapshots for database recovery; run the GKE cluster in a multi-cluster regional configuration spanning us-central1-a, -b, and -c zones only.
A cross-region read replica receives near real-time, asynchronous updates from the HA primary, so data loss is limited to seconds-well within the 5-minute RPO. Promoting that replica to become a standalone primary takes only a few minutes, and a global external HTTP(S) load balancer can shift client traffic to GKE workloads in the secondary region immediately, keeping total recovery time under 15 minutes. Using Cloud SQL's built-in HA for zonal failures plus a single cross-region replica is markedly cheaper and simpler to operate than multi-primary Spanner or a fully multi-region GKE control plane, yet far more resilient than backups alone or a lone instance with dump-and-restore. The other options either fail the RPO/RTO targets or introduce unnecessary cost and complexity.
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What does RTO mean in a business continuity plan?
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How does a cross-region read replica in Cloud SQL work?
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What is a global external HTTP(S) load balancer in GCP?
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What is an RTO and RPO in disaster recovery?
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How does a cross-region read replica in Cloud SQL work?
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What is a global external HTTP(S) load balancer?
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GCP Professional Cloud Architect
Designing and planning a cloud solution architecture
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