Your company stores container images in a private Artifact Registry repository named backend-repo in us-central1. A GKE cluster in the same project uses Workload Identity, and Pods that reference images from backend-repo are failing with 403 "permission denied" errors when pulling the image. Following least-privilege principles, which IAM role should you grant to the Google service account mapped to the Kubernetes service account so the Pods can successfully pull images from the repository?
Grant the Storage Object Viewer role (roles/storage.objectViewer) to the mapped Google service account.
Grant the Artifact Registry Reader role (roles/artifactregistry.reader) to the mapped Google service account.
Grant the Artifact Registry Writer role (roles/artifactregistry.writer) to the mapped Google service account.
Grant the Kubernetes Engine Admin role (roles/container.admin) to the mapped Google service account.
Pods need the ability to read (pull) images from Artifact Registry but do not need to push or administer repositories. The Artifact Registry Reader role (roles/artifactregistry.reader) grants the minimum required permissions-reading metadata and downloading artifacts. Writer or admin roles include broader permissions such as uploading or deleting images, which exceed least-privilege needs. Storage Object Viewer applies to Cloud Storage objects, not Artifact Registry, and Container Admin manages GKE resources but does not grant Artifact Registry access.
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What does the Artifact Registry Reader role (roles/artifactregistry.reader) enable?
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What is Workload Identity in GKE?
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Why is least-privilege access important for IAM roles?
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What is Workload Identity in Google Cloud?
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What is the Artifact Registry Reader role (roles/artifactregistry.reader)?
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Why is the Storage Object Viewer role (roles/storage.objectViewer) insufficient for Artifact Registry access?
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GCP Associate Cloud Engineer
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