GCP Associate Cloud Engineer Practice Question

Your company is designing a global inventory service for an e-commerce platform. The service must store relational data, support ANSI-SQL queries, and guarantee strong consistency for writes that originate from any region. It also has to scale horizontally to thousands of transactions per second without downtime, while requiring minimal database administration effort. Which Google Cloud managed data product best satisfies these requirements?

Bigtable
Cloud Spanner
Firestore in multi-region mode
Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL with cross-region replicas

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Answer Description

Cloud Spanner provides a fully managed, horizontally scalable relational database that offers automatic sharding, global replication, and externally consistent distributed transactions. It supports ANSI-SQL and requires little operational management, which aligns with the stated needs. Cloud SQL can deliver relational semantics but is limited to a single primary instance and cannot scale seamlessly beyond a few terabytes or a single region. Bigtable and Firestore can scale globally, yet both are NoSQL stores that do not support relational schemas or SQL joins, and neither guarantees strong cross-region transactional consistency for relational workloads. Therefore, Cloud Spanner is the only option that meets every stated requirement.

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