While testing a company's internal ticketing site, you log in as user 102 and view your tickets at /tickets/102/. When you manually change the URL to /tickets/1/, the application shows the contents of ticket 1 instead of returning a 403 Forbidden response. Which access-control attack are you performing to confirm that authorization checks are missing?
Forced browsing through an insecure direct object reference (IDOR)
Blind SQL injection to enumerate valid user IDs
Stored cross-site scripting to steal higher-privilege cookies
Cross-site request forgery against an administrative session
The test relies on forced browsing, also called an insecure direct object reference (IDOR). By manipulating a numeric identifier in the URL, you directly request an object that should be protected by server-side authorization. If the server returns the object without verifying that the requester is entitled to it, the application suffers from broken access control. CSRF, XSS, and SQL injection can also compromise security, but they do not specifically test whether object-level authorization controls are enforced for each request.
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