While reviewing a legacy Java application, you notice every SQL statement is built by concatenating request parameters into a query string. Management allows only limited source-code changes before the next release. Which single remediation will most effectively eliminate SQL-injection risk without requiring a complete rewrite?
Configure the database to return generic error messages instead of detailed stack traces.
Insert input-validation JavaScript on the client to filter characters like ' and ; before form submission.
Disable HTTP TRACE and TRACK methods on the Apache front-end server.
Replace all dynamic queries with parameterized PreparedStatement objects so user data is bound as parameters.
The most reliable way to neutralize SQL-injection attacks is to ensure user-supplied data is never interpreted as part of the SQL command itself. Replacing string-built queries with parameterized PreparedStatement objects forces the database engine to compile the statement first and bind user values later, so metacharacters in the input cannot alter the query structure. Client-side JavaScript filtering can be bypassed or disabled, HTTP TRACE/TRACK settings are unrelated to database interaction, and suppressing detailed error messages only hides evidence of success-it does not prevent injection.
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Why is client-side input validation not enough to prevent SQL injection?
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