While monitoring egress DNS queries, you notice multiple infected workstations attempt to resolve dozens of seemingly random 16-character subdomains under various TLDs every 10 minutes. The requests are intercepted by your DNS sinkhole. Which botnet command-and-control technique are you observing, and why does it hinder traditional takedown methods?
A peer-to-peer command channel based on a distributed hash table, eliminating the need for any central domain name.
Use of a domain generation algorithm that continually produces new C2 domains, making it impractical to blacklist or seize them all.
Malware containing a hard-coded list of static C2 IP addresses, forcing defenders to block each address individually.
Fast-flux hosting that rapidly changes the IP addresses behind a single, constant domain name to frustrate IP-based blocking.
The activity matches a domain generation algorithm (DGA). Malware that uses a DGA produces large numbers of pseudo-random domain names on a predictable schedule and tries to contact them until the attacker registers one as the current command-and-control (C2) server. Because defenders must discover and block or seize an ever-changing set of possible domains, simply blacklisting a few known C2 addresses or taking down one domain is rarely effective.
Fast-flux rotates IP addresses, not domain names; peer-to-peer C2 dispenses with domains altogether; and hard-coded IP lists do not generate new DNS lookups, so none of those alternatives fit the observed pattern.
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