While monitoring a Telnet session during a penetration test, you capture a few packets just long enough to determine the server's next TCP sequence number. You immediately forge and transmit a single packet that spoofs the client's address and contains a malicious command, relying on the predicted sequence so the server accepts the data even though you cannot see any subsequent responses. Which attack technique does this illustrate?
The attacker is exploiting predictable TCP sequence numbers to inject one forged packet into an existing connection without maintaining a man-in-the-middle position. This method is known as a TCP sequence-prediction (TCP hijacking) attack. It differs from web session fixation, which targets HTTP session IDs; ARP spoofing MITM, which relays all traffic; and SSL stripping, which downgrades HTTPS to HTTP.
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What is TCP sequence prediction in networking?
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