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Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH) Practice Question

While mapping an internal network you run an Nmap SYN scan with OS fingerprinting against three previously undocumented IP addresses. Nmap lists them respectively as Windows Server 2008, Cisco IOS 12.4, and Solaris 10, yet packet details show the same fixed TTL value of 64, zeroed IP ID fields, and identical, predictable TCP ISN increments for every host. What is the most plausible reason for these contradictory observations?

  • The systems are load-balanced nodes sitting behind a reverse proxy that normalizes packets.

  • TCP sequence randomization has been disabled on the hosts, causing uniform packet signatures.

  • All three hosts are virtual machines on the same hypervisor using the default network driver.

  • They are low-interaction honeypots that spoof service banners to impersonate several operating systems.

Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH)
Network and Perimeter Hacking
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