During subnet reconnaissance you run an Nmap -sS -sV scan against four suspected web servers. Nmap reports ports 1-1024 all open, every banner says HoneyWeb 1.0, ISNs increase sequentially, and each host shows 0.02-second uptime. What is the most likely explanation?
The results indicate the servers sit behind a stateful firewall that transparently proxies every incoming TCP connection.
The scan artefacts suggest the systems are protected by network address translation (NAT), which masks real port states.
The hosts are likely instances of a low-interaction honeypot that is emulating services on all ports.
The identical banners and ISNs are normal for nodes in a highly available load-balanced web cluster.
Low-interaction honeypot frameworks such as Honeyd can emulate complete IP stacks and configure all common ports as open while returning the same generic banner for each service. Because the responses are simulated, the framework often uses trivially predictable, sequential ISNs and resets its internal "uptime" counter with every probe, leading scanners like Nmap to report extremely short uptimes. Legitimate production servers, NAT devices, firewalls, and load-balancers rarely expose all ports as open or generate identical banners and sequential ISNs across multiple hosts, making a honeypot the most plausible conclusion.
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