During an internal penetration test you cannot get any replies from hosts in a DMZ using ICMP echo requests, and Nmap's default host-discovery probes also fail. Packet captures reveal that the firewall allows inbound traffic only to TCP port 443 for published HTTPS services while dropping all other unsolicited packets. Which Nmap host-discovery probe would most effectively identify live systems in this environment?
Transmit ARP requests with -PR to locate active MAC addresses in the DMZ.
Issue an ICMP timestamp request ping with -PP to detect responding hosts.
Use a UDP ping to port 53 with -PU53 to trigger ICMP port-unreachable replies.
Send a TCP SYN ping to port 443 using Nmap option -PS443.
Because the firewall blocks ICMP and denies unsolicited traffic to every port except TCP 443, the most reliable approach is to send a TCP SYN host-discovery probe directly to port 443 with the -PS443 option. The firewall will pass this packet to the target. If the service on 443 is open, the host responds with a SYN/ACK; if it is closed, it replies with a RST. Either response confirms the host is up. ARP requests (-PR) work only on the local broadcast domain and will not traverse the DMZ firewall. A UDP ping to port 53 (-PU53) will be dropped because the rule permits only TCP, not UDP. An ICMP timestamp request (-PP) will also be filtered since ICMP is blocked, so these probes will not reveal live hosts.
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What is TCP SYN and how does it work in Nmap host discovery?
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Why does the ARP request (-PR) not work in this scenario?
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What is the limitation of using ICMP timestamp requests (-PP) in host discovery behind a firewall?
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What is TCP SYN scanning and how does it work?
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Why doesn't ARP scanning work across a DMZ firewall?
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What is the difference between ICMP echo requests and ICMP timestamp requests?
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