During an internal assessment you observe that users protect sensitive e-mails with OpenPGP. The mail client displays an ASCII-armored block labeled 'BEGIN PGP MESSAGE' before sending. According to the OpenPGP workflow, what occurs locally during the encryption phase to guarantee that only the designated recipient can read the message contents?
The SHA-256 hash of the message is encrypted with the recipient's private key to provide authenticity.
A random symmetric session key is generated and then encrypted with the recipient's public key before being attached to the message.
The sender's private key is itself encrypted with the recipient's public key so the recipient can reconstruct it for decryption.
The entire plaintext message is encrypted directly with the recipient's RSA public key without using a session key.
OpenPGP uses hybrid encryption. First, the sender's software creates a one-time symmetric session key and encrypts the e-mail body with that key, because symmetric ciphers are faster for large data. To ensure that only the intended recipient can recover this session key, the key is then encrypted with the recipient's public key and included in the message header. Anyone may possess the public key, but only the matching private key-held by the recipient-can decrypt the session key and, in turn, the e-mail. Encrypting the message hash provides integrity and non-repudiation, not confidentiality, and encrypting the entire plaintext with an asymmetric key or sending the sender's private key would be impractical or insecure.
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What is hybrid encryption in the context of OpenPGP?
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What role does the recipient’s private key play in OpenPGP encryption?
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Why doesn’t OpenPGP directly encrypt the plaintext email with the recipient's public key?
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What is symmetric encryption?
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How does asymmetric encryption work?
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Why is OpenPGP a hybrid encryption system?
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