During a wireless penetration test you capture a WPA2-PSK four-way handshake in a file called "office.cap" using airodump-ng. You plan to launch an offline dictionary attack with Hashcat on a GPU rig that expects the consolidated 22000 hash format. Which command should you run first to convert the capture for Hashcat?
Hashcat no longer accepts the legacy .hccap format generated by older tools. Instead, it relies on the 22000 hash format contained in a .hc22000 file. The hcxpcapngtool utility-part of the hcxtools suite-parses pcap or pcapng files, extracts valid handshakes, and writes them in the required format. The syntax is:
Running "hcxpcapngtool office.cap -o office.hc22000" produces a file Hashcat can attack with mode 22000. The other options are incorrect: the aircrack-ng command shown attempts to crack the key directly rather than convert it; the tshark command only dumps MAC addresses and creates no Hashcat-compatible hash; cowpatty performs its own cracking and likewise does not generate the .hc22000 file Hashcat needs.
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What is WPA2-PSK and how does the four-way handshake work?
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What is hcxpcapngtool and why is it preferred for hash extraction?
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Why does Hashcat require the 22000 hash format instead of older ones like .hccap?
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