During a red team engagement, you capture two HTTPS application-layer payloads protected by a proprietary stream cipher whose initialization vector was mistakenly hard-coded. Because both ciphertexts were generated with the same keystream, which cryptanalytic technique should you apply offline to recover significant portions of the original plaintexts?
Launch a meet-in-the-middle brute force against the cipher's key schedule
Apply differential cryptanalysis to pairs of successive cipher blocks
XOR the ciphertexts and use crib-dragging to exploit a two-time pad keystream reuse
Measure decryption response times to build a timing oracle attack
When a stream cipher reuses the same keystream for different messages, XORing the two ciphertexts cancels the keystream and produces the XOR of the underlying plaintexts. By crib-dragging common words or protocol strings through this XORed output, large parts of both messages can be reconstructed. This so-called two-time pad attack directly exploits keystream reuse. Differential cryptanalysis targets block cipher structures, meet-in-the-middle attacks require multiple encryption layers, and timing oracles depend on online interaction with a decryption routine-none of which fit the described scenario.
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What is a stream cipher?
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What is a stream cipher and how does it differ from a block cipher?
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What is crib-dragging and how is it applied in cryptanalysis?
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Why is keystream reuse in stream ciphers a critical vulnerability?
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