During a penetration test, you face a stateful firewall that drops SYN-based scans. To slip past it and map services for a later session-hijacking attempt, you decide to send packets with arbitrary TCP flags, sequence numbers, and fragmentation so they mimic traffic from an already established flow. Which tool is best suited for crafting and transmitting these highly customized packets on the wire?
hping3 is a packet-crafter that lets you build TCP, UDP, or ICMP packets field by field, including flags, sequence numbers, TTL, and fragmentation. This granular control is ideal for IDS or firewall evasion techniques such as using ACK-only probes that resemble an existing session. tcpdump is a sniffer and cannot generate traffic, while Nikto and an Nmap SYN scan automate vulnerability discovery or port scanning but do not provide the same per-field packet construction needed for fine-tuned evasion.
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What is hping3 and what makes it suitable for bypassing firewalls?
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How does stateful firewall functionality work in blocking scans?
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What is the difference between hping3 and tcpdump in penetration testing?
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What are TCP flags, and why are they important in crafting packets?
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How does fragmentation help bypass firewalls or IDS during penetration testing?
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What sets hping3 apart from other tools like tcpdump or Nmap for penetration testing?
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