Before launching any probes against a customer's network, you collect names of key personnel from LinkedIn, review the organization's WHOIS data, and use search-engine queries to enumerate publicly visible subdomains-never sending any packets to the target. According to the standard ethical-hacking workflow, what stage and reconnaissance approach are you performing?
Gaining-access stage using social-engineering tactics
Scanning stage using vulnerability scanning tools
Reconnaissance stage using active information-gathering techniques
Reconnaissance stage using passive information-gathering techniques
The first phase of the ethical-hacking methodology is reconnaissance (often called footprinting), during which an assessor gathers as much information as possible about the target environment. When this information is obtained entirely from publicly available sources without directly interacting with the target's systems, the activity is classified as passive reconnaissance. Active reconnaissance, in contrast, involves direct communication such as ping sweeps or port scans, while scanning and gaining-access phases occur later in the workflow.
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Information Security and Ethical Hacking Overview
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